Performance Criteria For External Walls

Performance Criteria For External Walls External walls are referred to as cladding if they are made of masonry or panels. External walls are vertical elements which enclose the building. In the design of the specified building, the main performance criteria needed as requested by the client are as follows: WEATHER PROTECTION: Walls must be able to exclude rain, wind, snow, frost and sometimes heat and glare from the sun. The walls should often at the same time need to allow the building to be naturally ventilated and natural light to enter the building. In this respect, there are two broad functions the wall needs to perform.ÂÂ   It should resist moisture from the ground and therefore would normally need damp proof courses to do so. It should also be able to adequately resist the penetration of weather from the outside to the inside of the building. FIRE RESISTANCE OF EXTERNAL WALL The external envelope of the buildingÂÂ  should not provide a medium for fire spread if it is likely to be a risk to health or safety. The use of combustible materials for cladding framework, or of combustible thermal insulation as an over-cladding or in ventilated cavities, may present such a risk in the proposed buildings, even though the provisions for external surfaces may have been satisfied. Considering the event of fire breakout in the building, the walls of the building are required to inhibit the spread from room to room of the flames, smokes and gases. The external walls should fulfill the obligation of containing the fire within the building for prescribed period of time, thus limiting spread to adjacent buildings. It is ultimately necessary that the walls be able to perform their structural functions during the fire until all occupants have had sufficient time to escape. Based on the use of the building in this project, the time deemed necessary for such an escape is ÂÂ ½-2 hours. The materials must be carefully chosen so as to resist fore to the utmost. The combustibility of the materials must as low as possible so as to prevent quick spreading of the fire. THERMAL RESISTANCE Due to increased energy cost of recent times, and the higher comfort expectations of occupants of buildings, the pressure for better thermal insulation has become a predominant factor in the performance of buildings. There is therefore greater demand for service engineers to be involved in the thermal design of the external fabric of buildings. It therefore makes economic sense to design the walls of a building so that thermal energy consumption will be kept as low as possible. It is therefore recommended that the service engineers be aware of the required heating cycle of the building and should thus decide what thermal insulation is required and where it should be positioned. He should advise on the positioning of vapour barriers, thus reducing the occurrences of one of the major defects common in modern buildings, that of condensation. The walls having thermal resistance will limit the amount ofÂÂ  heat the building will lose from the internal spaces, and gain from the outside environment.ÂÂ   The materials used will determine exactly how compliance is achieved andÂÂ  manufacturers can generally provide some form of guidance for their products. Cavity Walls The cavity can be fully filled with insulation or partially filled (consult the manufacturers before proceeding). If it is partially filled then an airÂÂ  gap is generally required, the size of which willÂÂ  varying depending onÂÂ  the specific products used for the wall construction and insulation. The insulation should go at least 150mm below the DPC level. Solid Walls These walls are generally insulated by placing some form of thermal element on the inside and rendering the outside. The thickness of these products will depend on the thickness and type of block used. STRENGH AND STABILITY: Two main categories are distinguished here: Structural and non-structural. The former make a positive contribution in the structural integrity of the building and in doing do can act in two ways: 1. the walls may be load bearing and/or stabilizing. Here, they are designed to carry not only their own weight but also other loads exerted by the roof and floors. These walls are designed to resist compression. 2. When performing as stabilizing walls, they are designed to resist horizontal or oblique forces such as wind pressure, earth or water pressure, or thrust from other parts of the building such as arches. These walls are designed to resist shear and are often known as shear walls. The later are more commonly called non-load bearing. They are therefore designed to carry only their own weight and not that of any other elements in the building. It is worth noting here that such walls may still be requested to resist horizontal loads, in particular wind loading. DURABILITY It is often an expectation from most clients that the external fabric of the building will have an acceptable life expectancy. The external walls of the building of this design must be able to withstand the effects of the weather, such as wind, frost, snow, rain, sun and heat to be durable. The walls should also be able to resist physical damage to which they will be subjected during their life. Maintenance is therefore necessary in the elements of the building, including the walls in order to achieve a prescribed life expectancy. It is worth noting that care must be taken in the maintenance work as damage almost often results in the maintenance of the walls. BUILDABILITY Buildability relates more to judgment and knowledge than to mathematical analysis. Buildability reflects whether the specific design can be assembled by various trades without compromising the functional requirements during construction. Buildability is more related to good design than to superior workmanship because, as experience indicates, only a good design can combine all the environmental factors while presenting an easy construction pattern. For the most part, it is the designer who attends to the aspects of buildability such as material installation under different weather conditions, level of skill required for installation, and construction tolerances. Often buildability problems arise when different professions are involved; for instance neither the window manufacturer nor the wall designer may consider the window wall interface as their concern. It is therefore necessary not to disregard the difficulty that the builder can experience when constructing the proposed office building. NOISE Noise can cause stress and loss of sleep, and lead to ill health. For an office to be comfortable it must be designed so that its layout and structure keep noise to an acceptable level. Designing for noise control is not easy, because the sources of noise are not always apparent at design stage, and the paths by which sound travels are not always obvious. The aim, however, should be to ensure that most activities can be carried out without undue interference from internal or external noise. For external walls where windows provide passive ventilation, the need for ventilation must be balanced with the need to reduce noise open windows do not reduce noise from outside. To effectively reduce external noise, the external walls should be well constructed and insulated. A walls ability to reduce noise is dependent on: type of construction; materials; and insulation There are two main construction techniques for walls: Continuous construction A wall in which the components are mechanically connected such as single brick or single stud. Discontinuous construction A dual layer of wall in which the leaves have a minimum 20mm cavity and are not mechanically connected in any way, except at the periphery such as brick cavity and discontinuous stud. When choosing a wall system to reduce noise from the inner city environment, the contractor should consider: materials; general construction; and best practice design Increasing the thickness of the building materials, and ensuring all gaps are sealed can help considerably when dealing with sound insulation. An important feature of well constructed external walls is correctly sealed junctions, as this aids in the reduction of noise transmission through gaps and cracks at the edge of building elements. These noise flanking paths can defeat noise reduction techniques. An important feature of well constructed exterior walls is properly sealed junctions, which aid in the reduction of noise transferred via flanking paths (gaps at the edge of building elements that allow sound to travel through). Even a sound-rated wall may not perform adequately, if joints and junctions are not properly sealed. Challenges to good acoustic design of external walls can arise from noise transferred via flanking paths. It is important to minimise flanking through services and penetrations. The impact isolation of a wall may also be compromised by insufficient attention to detail. Flanking is the transfer of noise through paths around a building element, rather than through the element directly. Flanking can descr ibe the transfer of noise through gaps and cracks in a building element, or via incorrectly sealed junctions between two materials. These noise flanking paths can defeat noise reduction techniques. QUESTION THREE HOW PARTITIONS, SUSPENDED CEILING AND RAISED FLOOR CAN BE USED TO FACILITE THE CLIENT REQUIREMENT OF THE BUILDING PARTITIONS can be described as an internal wall of a structure which divides a building into a number of parts to serve its purpose. Partition can be divide into two main groups that is, load bearing and non load bearing. FUCTIONAL REQUIREMENT OF STEEL PARTITION SYSTEM The following are: Sound Insolution: Is the reduction obtained when sound passes from one side of a partition to another. Sound may considerd as waves of pressure. Sound Absorption: Is the material used to reduce the amount noise that is reflected from a wall surface back into the room and does not increase the sound reduced value of the structure. Sound absorption is usually achieved by adding a soffit finish to the head surface of a wall. Flexibility: The material should be flexible enough to resist any forces or any movement that will change it actual function. Strength and stability: The partition system should be strong enough to resist the various loads that may be imposed on it. These loads include permanent loads such as shelves and wash basins. Services and accommodation: Partition system should be providing with spaces or voids within partitions system to provide services accessed for repair and maintenance. TYPES OF PARTITIONS SYSTEM Metal stud partition: These can be defined as vertical internal space divides and are usually non loads bearing walls. These can be permanent, constructed of material such as metal post and sheet lining such as plasterboard. This type of partition is suitable for rehabilitation works. Joints in panels are usually filled as the plasterboard is normally covered with a scrim coat of plaster. It is however slowing, wasteful of materials and it is difficult to install components such as door and windows hatches. Frame and sheet partition: These are similar in concepts metal stud and sheet partitions; except that they are constructed using an arrangement of proprietary components such as doors and glazing element. Cutting component is kept a minimum and joints between panels are usually expressed using cover strips. Frame and sheet partitions are suitable for dismantling and relocation, and can be called demountable partitions. Frame and panel partition: These are variations on the frame and sheet partition. In this system the panels are placed between the studs or frame which is left exposed. These methods are constructed by using self supporting panels, with double skin of plasterboard separated by egg-create element. SUSPENDED CEILING Suspended ceiling: These can be defined as ceiling which is fixed to a framework suspended from the main structure thus forming voids between the two components. It is used where enough height as available to hang it from the ceiling joists and still have enough height between the floor and new ceiling. Suspended ceiling have two main functions: a metal grid that provide a structural and a height weight panels that slip into grid. The basic functional requirement of suspended ceiling is: They should be easy to construct, repaired, maintain and clean. Should be designed that an adequate means of access is provide to the voids spaces for the maintenance of the suspension system concealed services and / or light fighting. Provide any required sound and / or thermal insulation. Provide any required acoustic control in terms absorption and reverberation. Should be provide with fire resistance or protection to structure steel beams supporting floor. Conform with the minimum requirements set out in the Building Regulations and in particular the regulations governing the restriction of spread of flame over surfaces of ceiling and exceptions permitting the uses of certain plastic material. TYPES OF SUSPENDED CEILING The suspended ceiling can be classified as the way in which they are constructed as following: Jointless ceiling: These ceilings although suspended below the main form uses sheets of plasterboard. In these systems the plasterboard is fixed to the underside of the suspended framework. This can provide fire resistant ceiling and this may be one of the reasons for using this type of construction. Moreover it is not suitable for a situation where service is to be carried in the voids unless they can be approached from the floor area above. This type of ceiling is particularly useful where the ceiling needs to take s sculptured shape. It can provide a fire resistant ceiling construction. Jointed or frame and tile systems: These ceilings are the commonest form of suspended ceiling use in construction industry today. They constructed with a metal framed grid suspended from the floor or structure above. In this system the grid are fitted tiles made from different materials such as minerals fibre board, plaster and metal and it is supported by the grid. Generally these types of ceiling are easily constructed, maintained and easy means of access to services. Open ceiling: These ceiling are designed to give a visual barrier between the rooms below and the ceiling voids above by the use of an open grid. This type ceiling the light is fixed to the lower side of the ceiling. RAISED FLOOR TYPES OF RAISED FLOOR The shallow or battened floor: This type of floor is supported on battens fixed to the structural sub-floor. This type of floor provide spaces of wiring and the floor contain the acoustic properties of a floor and as cavities seldom exceeds 100mm is normally only used to conceal cable runs. Platform floor: This type of floor is supported on adjustable jacks whom rest on the structural sub-floor. Using pedestals an adjustable cavity with depth ranging from 40mm to 150mm depending on which proprietary system can be provided. It is suitable for most services installation requirements. SECTION TWO TECHNICAL DESIGN DECISIONS TO BE TAKEN TO SPEED UP CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Clients often demand faster construction so as to benefit from early completion of projects. Although there are notable examples where fast construction has been achieved, the consensus is that the construction industry has not been entirely successful in meeting clients expectations. This is mainly due to a disjointed industry, in which design is often separated from the construction activities. Traditional practices are proving inadequate, to the point where either they can no longer achieve the desired delivery time, or, if projects are forced to meet the programme, they do not provide the required quality and long term performance. If faster construction is needed, the level of attainment of the targets is an essential part of assessing the overall performance of the construction industry in meeting client needs. Site location The location of the structure on the chosen site is often fundamental to the success of the faster construction initiative. Attention should be paid to site topography, especially noting potential sources of problems such as the water table, contamination, existing structures, substations and overhead high load cables. Repetition Repetition is a most effective way to speed up activities. This can involve the use of standardised components installed in the same way each time. For detail installation, repetition might mean standardising the grade of concrete everywhere on the project at 35 N/mm2, avoiding the additional management time of checking on each pour. Repetition might involve keeping an element to a constant dimension or position e.g. all lighting pendants are in the centre of every room, or extract vents are always 150 mm down from the ceiling. Standard modules Use of identical or standard modules speeds construction because it simplifies the checking of drawings, fabrication and installation. The principle can be applied by using a standard dense concrete block for all block work, or by employing standard air handling units in roof plant or standard toilet pods within the building Orientation The orientation of the project could dramatically affect the speed of construction. A project located some distance from the site access is likely to have more space available for off-loading facilities and storage. If the project structure is close to the access point, or obstructs or restricts access to the remainder of the site, then faster construction is likely to be more difficult. Configuration The mass, height or plan shape of a project will significantly affect the ease and speed of construction. While massed elements may speed construction, they may also obstruct the site and so slow progress. For example, large ductwork elements reduce the number of joint connections that need to be made and so reduce construction time. However, the greater size and length of the elements might hinder access and slow the process down. Prefabrication, pre-assembly and modularisation. Consider the potential of methods based on prefabrication; pre-assembly and modularisation. Environmental and sustainability issues Recognise the environmental and sustainability issues inherent in faster construction on site. It will probably be necessary to expend equal or more energy over a shorter period to achieve the same end-product earlier. The procedures should ensure that the materials used are sustainable.

Internship Experience for an ESL Teacher Essay

As a foreign student with a degree in Informatics and Library and currently pursuing a master’s degree at the University of Pennsylvania in Adult and Community Education Program, I have a vision of teaching English as a second language in Saudi Arabia. To this effect, I have been on an internship project at the Communications Media department at the same university between January and March this year. The main purpose for the internship was to give me an exposure to the kind of environment I will find myself working in as an ESL teacher. ESL is a course that is offered to people who wish to learn English as a second language. Thesis Statement For my internship, I was attached at the Communication Department at the University of Pennsylvania where my duties included but were but not limited to coordinating activities between students taking English as a Second Language (ESL) and conversation partners at the American Language Institute. Also in the line of my duty was the task of overseeing how the two groups have been progressing together. The internship was time well spent and it played a very important role in familiarising me with the classroom set up at an ESL teaching centre. I also had the opportunity to learn much about the job and what it entails as well as the kind of challenges that I may encounter in the course of my career. Taking my internship course at University of Pennsylvania was the most convenient choice that I made. The communications Media Department where I was attached is right on the campus and I was therefore able to operate from my residence without any hustles of commuting from one place to another. It was also convenient in that I was able to coordinate between my classes at the Adult Community Program centre and the training on the internship. The convenience made life a little more comfortable for me because of reduced costs of transport. The internship kept me in good relations with the law because being in one place helped me avoid any instances of breaking immigration rules set for foreign students. The convenience of having all my activities centralised on Campus has played well in helping me to develop my social skills. This is because it has been easy to have extra interaction with some of the students when the opportunity allowed and as a teacher, this was very helpful in that I could closely get to know more about the challenges that ESL students face in their social life as foreign students. Since we were all from different social backgrounds, the interaction helped to improve my social relations with others considering the diversity of culture represented in the ESL class. A close bond between teacher and student is very important as it helps students to learn better and also helps the teacher to improve their skills. Knowing students a little bit more beyond the classroom set up is very important for teacher-student relations. Interaction with the volunteers from the American Language Institute helped me learn more about American society. With these two groups, I was able to share my challenges as a foreign student in America and also listen to theirs and suggest possible solutions. This helped learning easier and more interesting for the students. The sole purpose of learning an extra language is to aid the learner in communicating easily through the desired language. Despite the fact that I speak the English language, the experience I got from the internship greatly helped to improve my skills in conversing with others. The interaction I had with the students as well as the volunteers in the ESL learning programme exposed me to those who were learning and others who were there to assist in learning. It was a learning experience for me as I was able to improve on my fluency and using correct grammar when conversing in the English language. By identifying the students’ challenges in learning to converse in English, I was able to polish my own language especially in using of proper tenses, right statements and remarks. The ESL program brings together people from different cultural backgrounds. Students come here with the aim of learning English that will help them to adapt to their new environment and they are helped through this process by communication partners. Through interaction with this group at the ESL program, I got exposed to a diversity of cultures and it was interesting to get to learn about different cultures and practises of the world. It is interesting to note how the world can meet in such a small set up as a classroom. This knowledge is very important for me in my pursuit of a career in ESL teaching as it will help me adopt to any new culture that I may be exposed to. Objectives were set to enable me achieve the goals of the internship. They were supposed to guide me in carrying out activities that internship period. This would enable me acquire knowledge and skills that are required for one to become an effective ESL student’s teacher. The experience would give me an opportunity to give my suggestions and ideas in order to improve students teaching techniques and materials. In this essay, there will be a reflection on the meaning of the internship experience for my intellectual development and career planning. The internship experience was necessary in equipping me with new learning. It would offer me knowledge and skills required in future teaching work with the language students. Suggestions and ideas that can improve teaching techniques and materials for the students would contribute in achieving my new learning objective. Engaging volunteers achieved this in sessions on curriculum and teaching methods, recommending improvements in class handling discussing organizational concerns with volunteers, drafting lesson plans and evaluating them and discussing educational techniques with volunteers. My objective to teach volunteers on how to interact with English was achieved by carrying out the following activities; directing English lessons in the classroom, engaging the volunteers on curriculum and teaching methods, evaluating their performances and recommending necessary changes in class. The assignments that were offered to the students is a sure evidence that this objective was attained. Creating organizational system to allow educators to organize volunteer schedules and paper work effectively was enhanced by meeting and discussing organizational concerns with the volunteers, organizing schedules to avoid confusion, handling volunteer and class paper work and documentation as well as getting program feedback from the student Creating lesson plans for the volunteer teachers was achieved by; drafting lesson plans for teaching, adapting the teachers according to the class needs, discussing the quality of lesson plans and suggesting their changes, incorporating volunteer opinions in final lesson plans and finally implementing the lesson plan. I managed to work with the students and volunteers of presentation materials, decided upon educational techniques and ensured students follow guidelines in presentation. This assisted me in acquiring skills in creating presentation materials. As a teacher, I accommodated a certain number of students when my time allowed, graded and encouraged students and understanding the students’ need. The current challenges and problems in the classroom were discussed with fellow teachers. This in turn, ensured the students were taught as require by the instruction formal program. Additionally, experience at the ESL classes helped me to learn about other methods used in communicating apart from mouth language. These other methods are important in that as a teacher, knowledge of different methods of communication helps one to assess whether you are communicating fully or as desired by the students. Such methods include but are not limited to using parts of the body to express ourselves or gesturing and also the use of facial expressions. It was interesting to learn that a lot of communication can take place through non-verbal methods. At the end of the internship, I had developed a lot of confidence in conversing with students, being able to interact freely and easily with them as well as understanding diverse cultures and the styles they used to converse non-verbally in the different cultures. My internship was even more helpful as a master’s student in the Adult Education and Community programme. There was much more to learn from the experience at the ESL classes than I had earlier imagined. Interacting with students and volunteers from different cultures of the world helped me to grow as a person as well as to acquire intellectual improvement. I got exposed to diversity of cultures at very close range, something I had not encountered before and after such an experience, it becomes easy to be able to teach English anywhere in the world. This is because of the ability that I have gained to assess student issues anywhere. The ESL students mostly constitute of foreigners who wish to learn English so that they can be able to adapt to their new environments. Such students obviously encounter several challenges in the process of their resettlement and my experience with them enlightened me on ways in which I can be able to evaluate and understand their problems and the approach I can take in helping them to settle such problems. The ESL classes also constitute of people of different ages and as a future adult teacher, the internship has offered me great help in best ways of handling adults at different age categories. It is now easy to identify with their emotions and to know how well to help them cope with learning. Through this experience, I have realised that my own problems as a foreign student were not unique and that I have a lot to share in common with other foreigners that I shall encounter in the course of my career. I now have a burden to offer as much help as I can to make learning comfortable for foreigners. It made me feel even luckier that I could speak the language myself and made me realise that it was easier for me to adapt to my environment than those that cannot speak the language. Internship enriched me with methods of teaching that can be highly effective such as creating the right atmosphere for free teacher and student interaction and getting the students to give feedback on the way that they are fairing in their learning process. I learnt the essentiality of making the environment conducive for the students as it makes learning easier for them. Students can only learn successfully if several of these factors are pooled together. The internship was a good ground to put into practice what I had learnt from my course work.. Getting the chance to utilise my knowledge created a feeling of confidence in me as well as helped me to rectify and improve on areas that appeared weak. It is now possible for me to be able to come up with new ideas that can be applied in the ESL teaching program. This internship has surely given me the right exposure for my future career. Teaching at an ESL class is no longer a new encounter for me and I can affirm the fact that it is only through practice that one is able to assess whether you are ripe for a career. The challenges encountered in an ESL program set up are no longer strange to me. The internship has given me good experience in handling adults in a classroom set up and has helped to build confidence in me as an adult teacher. I believe this experience will assist me a great deal in planning and writing my thesis for the course that I am undertaking. Knowledge is only useful if it is put into practice. The internship offered me an opportunity to put into practice a lot of knowledge both academic and otherwise and gave me good direction on best ways of detecting, identifying and getting solutions to any challenges that may cross my path in the course of my career as an ESL teacher. By offering my own suggestions and contributing ideas on how teaching at ESL classes can be improved, my own personal growth in the career is advancing. I now have the confidence to handle adults in a learning environment and to be able to identify with their emotions, weaknesses, likes and dislikes and to handle such factors without interfering with the learning process. The students were taken out to become conversant with various aspects of the country. Supplementation of students’ knowledge on English by informally speaking with them aided their learning on the English language. On the other hand, not all objectives were achieved fully. There were several problems and challenges that made the achievement of these objectives difficult. The problems that were experienced included; volunteer delayed easy interaction with the students, and volunteers could not identify and understand concerns of all students fully. Though it took some time before they interacted easily with the students, they later managed to do it. There were few communication and organization problems that arose but were sorted out with time. It was also a bit difficult to develop lesson plans containing all relevant information for the course at one particular time. This experience assisted me to improve my conversation skills. This was due to the interaction with both the volunteers and the students. During this interaction conversations between me and then assisted me to gain fluency and correct grammar when conversing. The use of correct tenses, remarks and statements in order to pass the necessary language enabled me to identify their needs in their classes. Conclusion Internship has proved to be a very helpful undertaking and I would recommend it to anyone that wishes to develop and pursue a successful career. It offers a good opportunity to learn so much about the pros and cons of a job. From the experience that I have had at the internship, I believe that I have fewer challenges to face in my future career as an ESL teacher in Saudi Arabia. This is because the internship has prepared me on almost every aspect of human interaction is it personal, social or cultural that I need in my career. The exposure to people from different social backgrounds and different cultures will serve to help me adapt to new cultural backgrounds as it gives the right psychological preparation for such an encounter. The ESL class encounter will help me to adapt in a situation where I may find myself learning a new language. The whole experience was worth the time and effort. References Dolores, La Guardia. , Guth P. H. , (2000). American Voices. Culture and Community. Toronto, Mayfield Publishers.

Innate Sin of Selfishness - 1400 Words

In the Confessions and the First Letter to the Corinthians, the respective authors delve into the nature of sin and prescribe solutions to problem of evil so that Christians can understand the existence of evil. Human nature defined by both Paul and Augustine is the pattern drawn from actions that humans without a stimulus. For Paul, the importance of love, and condemnation of the idea that all is permitted reveal his view of human nature. Augustine’s analysis of infancy and of his own sexual urges leads to a similar view of human nature. Both Paul and Augustine view the nature of humans as being selfish while striving towards satisfying one’s own physical needs. Paul rebukes the Corinthians based on rumors that they have interpreted his message as all actions are permitted. Paul quotes the Corinthians saying, â€Å" â€Å"All things are lawful for me,† but not all things are helpful. â€Å"All things are lawful for me,† but I will not be enslaved by anyt hing. â€Å"Food is meant for the stomach and the stomach for food†Ã¢â‚¬â€and God will destroy both one and the other. The body is not meant for immorality† (1 Corinthians 6:12-13). The conclusion to draw from Paul’s rebuttal is that the default actions that the Corinthians took after Paul left were those that were to satisfy their physical needs. Paul mentions that gluttony has struck the Corinthians and that gluttony in its very nature results in a physical satisfaction of being full. Although, not only were the Corinthians satiating themselves,Show MoreRelatedworld view chart writing assignment Eddie Lundy Essay1707 Words   |  7 PagesJust as your doings are, so your life is. If you do good, you get good in return in this life and in later lives too. You do evil and it is evil that comes to you. The evil in our lives is mostly due to our selfishness and it is why ‘Karmayoga’ stresses on elimination of selfishness since selfishness gives rise t o evil. So, evil in ‘Hinduism’ is a relative term mostly used to understand the importance of good. The view of good and evil in Jainism also is to a great extent similar to that in HinduismRead MoreEssay on Quiz 2841 Words   |  4 Pagesinternal law. âž ¢ External law: is expressed in precepts, prohibitions of dictates âž ¢ Internal law: man is born with an innate knowledge of God Understand the theological concept of a â€Å"covenant of works† as applied to Adam. What conclusion does the textbook reach regarding the legitimacy of a â€Å"covenant of works?† âž ¢ God and Adam entered into a covenant in which if Adam did not sin, he would be removed from probationary period and reciveve a confirmed state of immortality. âž ¢ The notion of a validRead MoreEssay on How Lord of the Flies Related to Aspects of Human Nature1397 Words   |  6 Pagesis remarkable for its use of shock and horror. Golding presents aspects of human nature as themes in the book. It alerts us to our potential to descend from order to chaos, good to evil, civilization to savagery. They are explored through how innate evil can be brought out in certain situations, the dangers in not addressing our own fears and the battle between civilization and anarchy. Most importantly, Golding achieved the above using metaphorical and didactic writing techniques that unquestionablyRead MoreThe Evil Of Evil People975 Words   |  4 Pagesnature, humankind tends to be more evil than good. Even though, some people are born with kinder temperament than others, everyone is conceived and birth in sin (Psalm 58.3). For this, in many traditions, once a woman gives birth, the baby is either baptized or blessed by his community to welcome him into the world, and to remove him from sin. People are naturally self-centered, jealous, mean individuals who want to gain, but not work hard. They crave violence, and would instantly cut corners whereverRead MoreThe Depiction Of Evil And The Heart Of The Story Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee Essay1266 Words   |  6 PagesEvery man or woman is capable of harbouring innate evil. From the first mention of Adam and eve in the bible, man has continuously committed evil and co-existed with it. Regardless of whether i t has always been there or man created it, evil has remained embedded within our society. Even in many classics in literature, the depiction of evil as the driving force and the heart of the story are common; this includes Harper Lee’s bestselling novel and social commentary â€Å"to kill a mockingbird†. HarperRead MoreThe Inferno Comparison1144 Words   |  5 PagesA humans innate reaction to another person’s pain is piteous. We don’t like seeing others in pain, and often make advances to help them. On the other hand, we may see one who is in pain due to their own detriment, and have a conflicted heart over if their pain is validated according to their sin. Most of the human population choses to overlook the bad, and find the good in others, despite their previous actions. Similarly, in the novel The Inferno as well as the film adaptation of Charles DickensRead MoreEssay on Comparing Christianity and Buddhism1675 Words   |  7 Pagesthe efforts of ano ther person or being such as Jesus, the Virgin Mary and the Saints can progress the spiritual condition of a single individual, and thus be the cause of their salvation. Indeed, though his personal suffering Christ has erased the sins of an entire civilization. Buddhists believe this is not possible and that only through personal effort can good be produced and bad reduced in the life of an individual. ‘We save ourselves’ is the very much the message of Buddhism. In any caseRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1119 Words   |  5 Pagesafter it, poured down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but the tearing of teeth and claws.† (Golding 89). This is an allegory to Christ because as the bible states â€Å"he died for our sins†. On the other hand, Golding tries to show the evil within man through Jack. Jack slowly becomes the antagonist throughout the story. Jack symbolizes cruel political leaders, such as Mussolini, Tojo, Hitler, Stalin, etc. He is the leader of the huntersRead MorePortrayal Of Female Sexuality By Bram Stoker s Dracula1598 Words   |  7 Pagescontrast to the lecherous she-beasts met by her husband in Transylvania, Mrs Johnathan Harker epitomises the Victorian notion of a good woman. Rather than occupy the role of a physical lover, Mina is a maternal figure, nurturing all her friends with an innate and instinctive tenderness. To the bereaved Lord Arthur Godalming she ‘opens her arms unthinkingly’ (275), resting his head on her shoulder ‘as though it were that of a baby that some day may lie on my bosom’ (275). Despite this simile endowing MinaRead MoreLord of the Flies - Civilization vs Savagery2896 Words   |  12 Pagesmoral and societal constraints are learned rather than innate and that human tendencies to obey rules, behave peacefully and follow orders is imposed by a system that is not in their control and have no say in it, but now it is. Young boys are a fitting illustration of this premise, for they live in a constant state of tension with regard to the rules and regulations they are expected to follow. Left to their own devices, they often behave with innate cruelty and violence. Chapter 1: In Chapter 1, the

The Importance of Social Support on Health - 1488 Words

{NAME} The Importance of Social Support on Health {INSTRUCTOR} {DATE} Although social interaction is complex, some believe that it is vital to human health, both mentally and physically. The nature of social behavior is that many people find it hard to open their hearts and share their feelings and problems. However, social interaction where people can talk out their problems and feel accepted and understood is very beneficial to mental health. It is influenced by the number of interactions we have and the bonds we form within our social group. The term social support has been defined in several ways. It consists of a number of different domains, including emotional support, appraisal and affirmation, informational†¦show more content†¦There are three contemporary theories which address the goals of social behavior and health. First, a biopsychosocial model which is an integrated perspective toward understanding consciousness, behavior, and social interaction. It assumes that any given behavior or mental process affects and is affecte d by dynamically interrelated biological, psychological, and social factors. The psychological aspect refers to the role that cognition and emotions play in any given psychological phenomenon—for example, the effect of mood or beliefs and expectations on an individual s reactions to an event. (Santrock, 2007). Next, is a behaviorist view where theories of learning emphasized the ways in which people might be predisposed, or conditioned, by their environments to behave in certain ways. (Coon, Mitterer, 2010). In the United States, behaviorism became the dominant school of thought during the 1950s. Behaviorism was founded in the early 20th century by John B. Watson, and embraced andShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Role Identity And The Second Hypothesis Of Life, And Well- Being Among Volunteers1435 Words   |  6 PagesVolunteers†, which is written by Peggy A. Thoits, from Social Psychology Quarterly, published in 2012, volume 75, starting at page 360. In the beginning, Thoits’s main argument is that holding a social role that is important to the person leads to a purposeful and meaningful life, thus improving their mental and physical health. It is later broken down to four hypotheses. The first hypothesis states that the importance of a role identity influences one’s health. The second hypothesis says that one’s purposeRead MoreVygotsky And A Maori Model1658 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout their life and there a several different perspectives in the realm of social work practice. Throughout this essay, we will explore a Cognitive development theory, by Lev Vygotsky and a Maori model, by Mason Durie. This essay will examine these theories in depth and explore how they can be used in social work practice. Vygotsky’s development theory, is a theory that focuses on the individual and the individual’s social influences (Crawford Walker, 2003). Vygotsky’s cognitive theory, is a theoryRead MoreCanada Welcomes An Ethno Cultural Diversity And Follows The International Mandate1260 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2012, Canada received approximately 23,000 refugees and their families (Statistics Canada, 2012). Canada welcomes an ethno cultural diversity and follows the international mandate to ensure safety, stability and accessibility to health services for refugees. The refugees come from different countries, which are socioeconomically unstable, and they are in search of stability and a better destiny. Canada is recognized as one of the most developed countries in the world, it is undeniable that theRead MoreLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children Look at the factors below how will could they affect a child’s life; * Education; poor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour; convictions, effecting social ties andRead MoreTreatment Plan For Health Condition And Treatment1167 Words   |  5 Pagesgoing to do about it Heart Health Condition Social worker is to begin by conducting a psychosocial assessment on the patient. Considering his noncompliance to adhering to his treatment, it is important to identify any psychological factors related to regimen adherence. The psychosocial assessment will help the multidisciplinary team understand the patient’s behavior. The clinical assessment should include any problems from the patient related to adjusting to his health condition and treatment, problemsRead MoreThe Principles Of Public Health Intervention1384 Words   |  6 Pages3. Proposed Public Health Intervention This proposed public health intervention is based on the conceptual framework developed by QUT and the AIHW, which considers the downstream, midstream and upstream determinants of health (Draper et al., 2004). 3.1 Principles underpinning public health intervention Recommendations 1. That the design, planning, implementation and evaluation of all interventions at the downstream, midstream and upstream levels be underpinned by principles of: autonomy and controlRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Support On Chronic Disease1468 Words   |  6 Pagesinterfered with their social activities. Poorer self-reported social support and other psychosocial factors were associated with poor physical quality of life (Untas, A., Thumma, J., Rascle, N., Rayner, H., Mapes, D., Lopes, A. A., Combe, C., (2011). The quality of life is important to dialysis patients and psychosocial factors are strengths that help patients overcome barriers. This previous study indicates that social support play a big role in chronic disease. Social support can come from relativesRead MoreRole Of The Social Care Professional1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of the Social Care Professional Task 1 AC 1.1 AC1.2 250 words Anaylse the role of the social worker and the differences between different professionals and non-professionals involved (multi-disciplinary team) 1.1 – understand the role of the social care professional – analyse the role of a social care professional in social work/community 1.2 – understand the professional qualities and values needed by a social care professional – anaylse the main differences between this role andRead MoreIdentifying And Understanding The Factors That Shape Health1636 Words   |  7 Pagesand understanding the factors that shape health in later life has become a crucial issue in the recent decades both in the United States and globally. The basis for this is that the size of the aging population is fast swelling than ever before due to low fertility and increased life expectancy. Ideally, the element of social support has been thought to offer a potential pathway for the promotion of health among the aged adults. Fundamentally, social support is one of the most essential factors inRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Is The Most Rapid Period Of Development960 Words   |  4 Pagescritical stage of human development. What happens before birth and in the first few years of life plays a vital role in health and social outco mes. While genetic factors play a role in shaping children’s development, evidence indicates that the environment has a major influence during early childhood. Early Childhood Development: is a generic term that refers to child’s cognitive, social, emotional and physical development. The same term is often used to describe a range of programmes which have the ultimate